Therefore, it is conceivable that the JIP1/3???ASK1???MKK4 signaling module might function a conduit to activate JNK when endosomal trafficking is disrupted and glucose ranges drop over the early stages of methuosis. Our locating that MKK4 was robustly activated through the methuosis-inducing IPPs, MOMIPP and 2q, and less so because of the non-cyto